Проблеми неврегульованості політичного статусу територій як чинник поглиблення суперечностей у міжнародних відносинах

Abstract

Резюме. В статті зроблено аналіз усієї сукупності міжнародних конфліктів, пов’язаних з неврегульованістю політичного статусу територій, які об’єднує відсутність легітимної влади в різних частинах земної поверхні або прагнення встановити таку владу. Розкрито типологічні відмінності таких конфліктів з огляду на їхнє походження, позиції суб’єктів конфлікту та міжнародних організацій. Виділено конфлікти, які є вузлами сучасних міжнародних суперечностей. Визначено деякі загальні особливості поширення конфліктів з приводу приналежності й статусу територій. Зроблено висновок про те, що вирішення територіально-політичних конфліктів потребує модернізації та реформування Ради Безпеки ООН та міжнародного права.

Abstract. All international conflicts regarding unregulated political status of territories, despite the variety of their types, can be united by the lack of legitimate power in different parts of the earth's surface or the desire to establish such power. In order to differentiate all the conflicts regarding international legal unregulated political status of the territories according to their origin the following types can be proposed: 1) conflicts that arose as a result of the forcible annexation of territories, the incorporation of which is not recognized by the international community; 2) conflicts that arose due to the creation of the self-proclaimed states in the territories controlled by the occupation regimes; 3) conflicts that arose due to the creation of the self-proclaimed states as the result of domestic crisis reasons, but with the participation of foreign policy factors; 4) conflicts over disputable border areas and islands; 5) conflicts regarding political claims to dependent countries under the control of other states; 6) latent conflicts over claims on land and water areas, which according to international conventions should not be extended to the sovereignty of any state; 7) the Middle East conflict due to non-compliance with the decision of the UN General Assembly of 1947 on the establishment of a sovereign Arab state. The conflict over the legal status of Palestine and the there solution of the socalled self-proclaimed states are the main issues of geopolitical controversy among the various types of conflicts. The conflict-generating potential regarding disputes over control independent countries is much smaller today. Interstate border disputes mostly concern the status of individual islands. In order to avoid new conflicts, the UN needs to strengthen the status of Antarctica and the areas adjacent to the North Pole, making them as a neutral demilitarized territory, which can not be extended to the sovereignty of individual states. The greatest concentration of conflicts regarding the international legal unregulated political status of the territories is connected with the contradictions in the collapse of the USSR and in thein completeness and disorder of decolonization. Thus, the resolution of territorial and political conflicts requires the UN Security Council and international law modernization and reform, paying much attention to the conditions and circumstances of state and political selfdetermination, as well as the realization of effective sanctions in the case of annexation of territories. Among the various types of conflicts related to the international legal unresolved political status of territories, the main nodes of geopolitical controversy are Russia's occupation of Crimea and part of Donetsk and the conflict over the state status of Palestine and resolving the problems of so-called self-proclaimed states. its influence in the post-Soviet space.