A málenkij robot emlékezete a Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megyei településeken felállított emlékjelek tükrében

Abstract

Magyarország kormánya a 2015. évet a Szovjetunióba hurcolt politikai foglyok és kényszermunkások emlékévévé nyilvánította.425 Később az emlékév 2017. február 25-ig történő meghosszabbításáról döntöttek. A kiírt pályázatoknak is köszönhetően az emlékév folyamán több olyan programot szerveztek országszerte, amelyek során sikerült az emberek figyelmét e szomorú évforduló felé fordítani. E tanulmánynak is a figyelemfelhívás az egyik célja: a málenkij robotra elhurcoltak emlékét nem szabad feledni, azt ápolni, őrizni kell. SzabolcsSzatmár-Bereg megyének is több települését érintette a polgári lakosok málenkij robotra való elhurcolása. Dolgozatomban a megye mai határaira és területére koncentrálva azokat az emlékjeleket szeretném bemutatni, amelyeket az elhurcoltak emlékére állítottak. Röviden utalok az elhurcolások körülményeire is, de a fő célom nem ez, hanem az emlékjelek lajstromba vétele.

Abstract. The deportation of civilians to do málenkij robot, which took place in three waves, affected numerous settlements in the area known today as SzabolcsSzatmár-Bereg County. At the end of October 1944 and the beginning of November in the same year, people were dragged from the Southern Nyíreség area of the county and from the county seat, Nyíregyháza. The military failures of the Soviets suffered in the course of the tank battle of the Plains were cited as the reason for the deportations, which were aimed at replenishing the number of prisoners of war with civilians. The second wave affected the settlements in the Csonka-Bereg County area, where, between the middle of November through the beginning of December 1944, civilians were gathered mostly to carry out ethnic cleansing. Finally, in January 1945, based on Order No. 0060, the census and deportation of people of German origin were commanded. That impacted primarily the settlements of the county populated by Swabians (Gávavencsellő and its vicinity, the Szatmár Swabians e.g. Mérk and Vállaj). Until the change of the political system in 1989, people had had to keep quiet about the subject and it had not possible to hold commemorations. Only after this event did it become possible to unravel the crimes committed in the shade of the Red Star and to erect monuments in public areas where people could recollect and remember these sad events, and where the relatives could pay tribute to their lost loved ones. Concentrating on the present borders and area of the county, the study presents the monuments that were erected by the settlements to commemorate those who had been deported, calling attention to the fact that the memory of the masses forcefully taken to do málenkij robot must never be forgotten, but rather it must be cultivated and protected.